Other desktop computers with CRT display monitors soon followed in the late 1970s, including the M200 by Sord (now Toshiba Personal Computer System Corporation) and Commodore PET in 1977, Hitachi's Basic Master in 1978, and Acorn's System 1 in 1979. Apple would release the Apple II in 1977, becoming the most popular personal computer out in the market at the time. This sparked a new revolution in the computer industry, bringing the creation of Apple Computers and starting the personal computer market.
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The monitor display allowed users to access files and run tasks on the computer using a terminal and allowed programmers to write code in low and high-level languages, such as BASIC. In 1976, two California college students, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, created the first personal computers with a monitor, the Apple I. A similar microcomputer was released by NEC in 1976, the TK-80, which used the Intel 8080A. Since the computer's main language was binary code and only had an output of flashing lights, the computer was unusable by the common person. It was then followed in 1975 by the Altair 8800, which also used the Intel 8080 as its CPU. The first microprocessor-based personal computer, or microcomputer, was the SMP80/08, developed by Sord (now Toshiba Personal Computer System Corporation) in 1972, utilizing the 8-bit Intel 8008, which was followed in 1974 by the Sord SMP80/x series, utilizing the Intel 8080, an 8-bit microprocessor designed by Federico Faggin and Masatoshi Shima. As such, it wasn't until later that the first "true" personal computers began appearing. It was based on TTL (transistor-transistor-logic) discrete circuitry (much like the Magnavox Odyssey and Pong) rather than microprocessor technology (which has been used in nearly all video games since Gun Fight). In 1973, Kenbak folded and stopped production. Starting in 1971, it was sold for $750 and only 40 machines were ever built and sold. Blakenbaker of the Kenbak Corporation, was an early attempt at a personal computer, despite the lack of a microprocessor. The microprocessor was the major invention that gave birth to the microcomputer, or the personal computer as it is known today.
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The microprocessor helped in creating a more powerful central processing unit than the ones used in computers at the time and shrunk it so computers could be smaller. By 1970, Intel engineer Federico Faggin and Busicom engineer Masatoshi Shima had completed their design of the world's first microprocessor, the 4-bit Intel 4004. The concept originated from Sharp engineer Tadashi Sasaki, who in 1968 proposed the idea to Japanese calculator manufacturer Busicom and American manufacturer Intel, which both soon collaborated to produce the first microprocessor. Several revolutionary inventions paved the way to the modern personal computer, most importantly the microprocessor, a single-chip CPU. It wasn't until the 1970s where computers usable for the average person were being made. Companies like IBM have supplied many businesses with computers years before the personal computer. Later it would be used by banks and large businesses for economic calculations. Early computers were large enough to fill a room, making them unusable for practical, personal use. Many of the first computers were used during World War II by both factions and would be later used for scientific research. Other electronic computers would be created throughout the time period, including the ENIAC and the Harvard Mark I. The first binary computer was the Z1 Computer, created by the German inventor Konrad Zuse. The first electronic computers were created between the 1930s and the 1940s.
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While there were various different personal computer platforms in the past (from manufacturers like NEC, Apple, Hitachi, Fujitsu, Commodore, Sharp, and Microsoft), the modern PC is largely descended from the IBM PC, which originally released in 1981 for $1561 (over $4700 in 2021 dollars). In terms of home video games, the PC is the oldest gaming platform still in use today, having an established library of tens of thousands of games.
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